Sexual Arousal & Orgasm - Subject Index

Introduction

As with all aspects of female sexuality and life, there is an enormous amount of diversity between individuals. Women do not share the same anatomy or experience, as they relate to all matter of things, including female ejaculation and the G-Spot. To say all women can or do ejaculate, or have a G-Spot, is no more accurate than claiming they are all 66 inches (168 cm) tall and weigh 160 pounds (72 kg).

The majority, if not all, women have glands that surround their urethra that vary greatly in quantity, size, distribution, and function. These glands drain into the urethra, and possibly the vulva. The later at the location of the urethral meatus. Depending on the individual, none or some of these glands are active "prostate glands" that produce prostatic fluids. Based on a study of 25 postmenopausal women* (age 60-75), only 1 out of 2 women have functional prostate glands. This study also included an additional two women of reproductive age** (18 and 21), with only one having functional prostate glands (see illustration). At this time, we can only conclude that half of all women have functional prostate glands, that may produce some form of prostatic fluid, in unknown quantities. The non-prostatic paraurethral*** glands may also produce and store fluid. The sexual implications, if any, are unknown, from a medical perspective. These glands are a potential location of infection and disease.

Based on my unscientific surveys, which reflect a woman's perception of her body and sexuality, and are influenced by their respective society and other factors, 54% of women indicate they have a 'very distinct' or 'distinct' G-Spot, and up to 46% have experienced female ejaculation during their sexual activities. Other sources (see below) indicate the quality and quantity of the fluid released varies greatly. Historical records dating back over 2,000 years make mention of women having an area of increased sensitivity, in the region of the "G-Spot," and/or releasing fluid from their genital area during sex. Regardless of medical findings, there is no doubt many women have an area of increased sensitivity in the region between their vagina and urethra, and/or release fluid from their genital region during sexual arousal and/or orgasm.

While the majority of women indicate they have a "G-Spot" there is no medical evidence of a related anatomical structure. Despite some claims, the G-Spot cannot be located and identified. It is my believe that the G-Spot isn't a distinct anatomical structure, but rather an area of increased sensitivity resulting from the nerves that supply the region of the female urethra, including the prostate and paraurethral glands. The nerves supplying the region are complex and not fully understood. As is the case with the male prostate, the female paraurethral and prostate glands may be sensitive to sexual stimulation.

The illustration on the left shows the nerves supplying the inner third of the female urethra. The illustration on the right shows those of the outer third. The nerves are concentrated in the space between the urethra and vagina. The autonomic (involuntary) nerves are shown in yellow, the somatic (voluntary) nerves in green. The vaginal wall is shown in magenta, and components of the urethra in gray, cyan, blue, and red. Source

 

The source of the fluid released during female ejaculation likely depends on the individual and each occurrence. The quality and quantity of fluid released, watery or mucosal, scant or flowing, may indicate its origins. The female prostate and paraurethral glands occupy a relatively small space, and indications are they would only be capable of producing and storing a small quantity of fluid. These glands are surrounded by muscle fibers that contract during orgasm, potentially expelling their contents, as is the case with the male prostate gland. At least one study indicates the majority of the fluid originates in the bladder. Two medical studies hint at the possibility of reflex contractions that result in the bladder emptying and the urethra dilating when the urethra is appropriately stimulated and/or distended.

Whether a woman has a perceived "G-Spot" may depend on her level of sexual arousal, and the state of her paraurethral glands, whether they contain an appropriate amount of fluid, are engorged. If a woman has the means of ejaculating, the most effective means of causing it is by rhythmically massaging the front wall of the vagina with fingers, dildo, or penis. Stimulation of the front wall of the vagina, commonly the most sensitive area of the vagina, may result in orgasm, with or without ejaculation occurring.

While some women indicate they have experienced female ejaculation since adolescence, others don't experience it until later in life. A possible explanation for these varying and changing experiences is the varying structure of their pelvic muscles, and changes in those muscles associated with increasing age, childbirth, and other factors. If healthy virginal adolescent women experience the associated sensitivity and release of fluid, it seems likely it can't be a totally abnormal experience, as most of the risk factors associated with incontinence are unlikely to apply.

Myself and others, while trying to document and support the female experience, may have inadvertently produced sexual anxiety amongst women and their partners, when they discovered they didn't have a G-Spot and/or ejaculate. Some have come to believe "normal" women have a G-Spot and ejaculate, despite there being no such thing as "normal." Some may falsely believe orgasms accompanied by female ejaculation are more intense, i.e. better, when in reality we don't have the scientific means of proving or disproving this claim; it is a matter of personal perception. Not only have we possibly produced needless anxiety, we may motivate women to undergo questionable surgical procedures to obtain the desired sensitivity, with no guaranteed outcome, nor guarantee the procedures wont cause harm.

There is the possibility for women and doctors to dismiss infections and diseases affecting their prostate and paraurethral glands, believing the sensitivity and possible swelling are associated with a G-Spot, even when they have a sudden and unexpected onset during adulthood. The onset of coital and/or orgasmic incontinence later in life may be incorrectly classified as female ejaculation, though whether women should seek a medical evaluation and resolution likely depends on their individual circumstance and expectations, as a medical solution without inadvertent harm**** isn't guaranteed.

For additional information on this subject please read The Release of Fluid During Sex: Female Ejaculation, The G-Spot, and Urination. You may also want to read Anorgasmia: A Struggle for Control, which explores the connection between female sexuality and the female urinary system.

 

The Female Paraurethral and Prostate Glands

During early fetal development male and female fetuses start out being physically female, as their development is controlled by maternal hormones. This does not change until a male fetus begins to produce its own hormones around the eighth week of gestation*****. Only then does the physical development of the male and female bodies diverge, and then less than many may presume. This necessitates that female fetuses initially have structures that could develop into either "male" or "female" reproductive and sexual organs. This means the tissue that develops into the male prostate gland, the urogenital sinus, must also be present in women. This results in some women having prostate glands, whereas men have a singular prostate gland.

For many years, prior to August 2011, there was medical evidence to indicate all women had a "prostate gland" that was comprised of many individual glands, that surrounded their urethra. The size, number, and location of the glands varied significantly. Current medical research indicates all women have paraurethral glands, but only 1 out of 2 women have functional prostate glands. The prostate glands produce prostatic fluids, like their male counterpart, but their exact role is a matter of debate.

The first image is a close-up of the glands that surround the female urethra, which are more numerous between the urethra and vagina, and on the sides of the urethra. In half of all women, some of these glands are prostate glands that produce prostatic fluids. The female urethra and vagina are part of a solid structure, not discrete organs, and this is illustrated below. The second image allows us to more clearly see the location of the female urethra and paraurethral glands within the body.

 

The first person known to have described a "female prostate" in Western medical literature was Reinier De Graaf (1641-1673), in the year 1672. He described it as a collection of functional glands and ducts surrounding the female urethra. He said the glands and ducts produced a "pituitoserous juice;" meaning it produces a thick mucous that is pale yellow or transparent in color. He also said the function of this fluid was to make "women more libidinous with its pungency and saltiness and lubricates their sexual parts in agreeable fashion during coitus." Despite his observations, modern Western medicine did not fully accept the concept of a "female prostate" until 2001, when the Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology agreed to use this term in their next edition of Histology Terminology.

Where did the female prostate disappear to for 329 years? Prior to the 1900s the term "female prostate" was commonly used within medical research literature. During the 20th century the female prostate was usually described as vestigial, i.e. not fully developed and non-functional, and was identified as either paraurethral or Skene's glands. While the components of the female prostate were known to exist, they were not seen as structures of interest or importance, with a few exceptions. It is believed, that since modern medicine didn't see the female prostate playing an active and necessary role in reproduction, it wasn't essential to understand its function. The female prostate wasn't believed to be a common site of disease and this likely contributed to the lack of interest within doctor offices and hospitals.

The male prostate is a distinct organ that surrounds the male urethra but the female paraurethral and prostate glands lie within the wall and along the length of the female urethra, as indicated in the illustrations shown above and below. They are part of and contained within the wall of the urethra, and the urethra is contained within the wall of the vagina. The average size of the paraurethral structures is 1.3 inches long, 0.75 inches wide, 0.4 inches in height (3.3 x 1.9 x 1 cm), and weighs about 0.2 ounces (5.2 grams). Which means it is a relatively small structure, about the size of a woman's thumb.

The paraurethral glands come in many shapes and sizes. The majority of women have glands that are positioned near the external urethral orifice, as shown above. When having this shape and placement, it may cause the top wall of the vagina to project into the vaginal passage and the urethral meatus to project outward into the vestibule. When this occurs, you may not be able to see the actual glands, but you can see their affect on the surrounding tissues. In some women these projections are quite prominent, and increase during sexual arousal.

We know little about the function of the female prostate glands and their role within the body. They are thought to have two primary functions. The first is produce and store prostatic fluid in ducts, which is the function of an exocrine gland. The prostatic fluid contains prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP or PAP), and fructose, a sugar. The numerous ducts of the paraurethral glands drain into the urethra. "Pure prostatic fluid has not yet been isolated and it has been studied only as a component of the female ejaculate..." The second function is the releasing of hormones into the blood stream, as a result of stimulation by the nervous system; a process performed by neuroendocrine cells. The only hormone known to be produced by the female prostate in this way, as of the year 2000, was serotonin. Serotonin plays an active role in many functions of the body. These glands are thought to be influenced by estrogens, as the male prostate is influenced by androgens. The male prostate is also influenced by DHEA, a precusor to both estrogens and androgens. PAP has been found on the underwear of some women indicating the prostate glands, when present, are always producing prostatic fluid, and this fluid production begins with the onset of puberty.

Female Body Fluids

Before discussing female ejaculation in detail, I will first address female body fluids in general. Our society, as well as many others, views all form of liquid that are produced by the female body with great disdain. Frequently, women are not permitted to engage in any activity that would expose others to their body fluids, and they are viewed as less than feminine and desirable if they do. Female body fluids are considered harmful by many and there are societies in which menstruating women are thought to cause crops to fail and livestock to die. This creates a significant barrier to sexual pleasure for women, as female body fluids are a normal and necessary part of sex.

Women are expected to maintain a dry pristine appearance regardless of the activities they participate in. Mothers once told their daughters it was unwise to engage in sports, as boys would see them sweaty and disheveled, and this was seen as unattractive. In the past, deodorant and antiperspirant advertising drove home the idea, "Don't let them see you sweat." Women were told they needed special stronger deodorants made specifically for them. Tampon and sanitary napkin advertising often emphasizes the product's ability to conceal a woman's menstruation from others, more so than their primary task of absorbing menses, yet in the process remind us, on a frequent basis, that women do menstruate. I suspect some women would prefer to have their fingernails ripped out one by one rather than be seen having an "accident," menstruating in public. As a result, society and the media serve to create a barrier between women and their sexual pleasure.

Sweaty men are seen as sexual, virile. Their manhood is measured by their ability to produce large quantities of semen. For men, making a mess with their ejaculate is seen as unavoidable, normal, and never questioned. It is even idolized in adult movies. Men can ejaculate on the face, in the mouth, and on and in the body of their partner and it is seen as normal and desirable. If a woman gets her body fluids on her partner that may be seen as an altogether different story. This is an interesting double standard. If a man can cover his partner with his body fluids, shouldn't a woman be able to do the same?

Female sexuality is marred by these unwritten laws. Many women produce relatively large amounts of body fluid during sex, especially if they are highly aroused for an extended period of time and/or experience female ejaculation. It is hard to relax and enjoy sex if you are worried about sweating heavily or producing too much vaginal lubrication, let alone ejaculate. Since women have no control over the release of these body fluids, some avoid sex all together rather than risk being seen as less than feminine by their partner.

Before a woman can learn to ejaculate, enjoy ejaculating, and enjoy sex in general she must accept all her bodily fluids as normal. She must not question the nature or quantity of her wetness, be it sweat, vaginal lubrication, menses, ejaculate, or liquid from her bladder. These fluids are a normal and natural part of women's lives. There is nothing that is inherently bad or harmful about them. A woman cannot allow herself to ejaculate and experience potentially more intense orgasms if she cannot surrender control when the pressure or urge to ejaculate arises. Ladies, give yourself permission to get wet. Give yourself permission to have fun and enjoy sex.

As a result of the taboos concerning female body fluids, the main motivation behind the studies into female ejaculation appears to be the determination of whether the expelled fluid is from the bladder or elsewhere. Some believe that if a woman ejaculates a liquid that is not from her bladder she is normal, but if it is from her bladder, she has a medical problem and is abnormal. Why the great debate over the exact nature of this fluid squirting from women's bodies? Does it really matter where the fluid originates? If a woman gets a thrill out of squirting liquid from her bladder at the moment of orgasm are we to say she has a problem? Do we mean to take this pleasure away from her?

Female ejaculate is a fluid that is expelled from the body through the urethra during sexual activities. When released in small quantities it may be a mucous like fluid having a clear, milky, or yellowish coloration. As the volume of the expelled fluid increases it becomes like clear water. In small quantities it may have a distinct scent that is musky or pungent but when the fluid increases in volume and becomes clear there is no longer a detectable scent. The fluid may contain PSA and PAP, which are produced in female prostate glands. Some of the components found in it, urea and creatinine, are also found in urine, but in much lower concentrations than are found in regular urine. When female prostatic fluids are found in "urine" they are in much smaller concentrations than in found in "female ejaculate." The later being produced during sexual activity, the first when intentionally emptying the bladder (see table 1). The fluid released during ejaculation and urination are not exactly the same though they share some of the same substances. As the volume and appearance of female ejaculate changes, the composition of the fluid likely changes too.

Women who expel fluid during orgasm report the color, smell, consistency, and even taste, varies from one occurrence to the next. (It is safe for a woman to taste her own ejaculate, and for couples who already exchange body fluids, but not for couples needing to practice safe sex.) Some have found their menstrual cycle influences the type of fluid expelled. What you eat is likely to have an affect on it, as will how much liquid you have consumed. Some women report it is sometimes clear and odorless and other times thick and pungent. Others report it sometimes looks and smells like urine, which I have found to be true only when a woman tries too hard to ejaculate. It is safe to say most women's ejaculate will vary over time, and during a single sexual episode.

The following table compares the contents of male and female ejaculate and female urine. Female ejaculate and urine contain the same substances found in male ejaculate. These common substances, PSA, PAP, & PSAP, are at a higher concentration in the ejaculate than urine. This demonstrates they are not exactly the same thing. The female prostate glands contribute more to the ejaculate than they do the urine. What we don't know for sure at this point is whether the female prostate glands contribute solely to the contents of female ejaculate, and there is much debate concerning this subject.

See Table 1

Given that all women have a paraurethral glands, and some have prostate glands, it is possible they all ejaculate, even if they are not aware of it. The fluid in the paraurethral glands would likely be released or expelled during orgasm when the involuntary muscles surrounding the urethra contract. The fluid may seep out and mix unnoticed with other body fluids rather than being a distinctive gush of liquid. The glands may contribute regularly to the moisture present at the vulva, as indicated by the presence of PAP on the underwear of some women. In the absence of or in conjunction with sexual arousal the glands may overflow causing the fluid to seep out through the urethra. This release of fluid could be caused by the blood engorgement of the surrounding tissues, and the pressures placed on the vaginal wall during sexual arousal and internal vaginal stimulation. While the volume of ejaculate released may vary from woman to woman, it may be present in all women, and if so they would not have voluntary control over its release.

Very little medical research has addressed the source or sources of female ejaculate. The research that has been completed often provides conflicting results. Some research concludes it is only fluid from the paraurethral and prostate glands, while other research says it is mostly liquid from the bladder with trace amounts of  fluid from the paraurethral glands. It is my believe that in some instances all of the fluid emitted from a woman's urethra is from the paraurethral glands, in other instances it is a mixture of fluid from the glands and bladder, and in other cases it is solely from the bladder. We simply do not know where the fluid originates in every instance.

How can you tell if a woman is releasing fluid from her bladder or paraurethral glands? This is a question that cannot be answered outside a medical lab. There is no accurate way of determining whether a woman is releasing liquid from her bladder or ejaculating prostatic fluid. These fluids all exit the body through the urethra so the visible source is the same for them all. I'm not aware of any color, taste, or scent test that can be applied to the expelled liquid that will accurately distinguish them from one another. We are left with no other choice than to see them as indistinguishable, the same.

If you read the information presented on the website of Dr. Gary Schubach he states his research has shown the majority of the fluid that is expelled originates in the bladder, but the expelled fluid is not quite normal urine. In his research, the woman's bladder was emptied using a catheter, prior to orgasm. During orgasm a catheter was once again in place and connected to a collection bag. Analysis of the fluid expelled during orgasm is the basis for his claim. There is one possible flaw with his methodology, the bladder sphincter is normally closed during sexual activity. If it were not, liquid in the bladder would simply flow out and there would be no "ejaculation" of fluid. What is the significance of creating an artificial passage and collecting the fluid expelled from the bladder during pelvic muscles contractions? During orgasm does this passage normally exist, even if only momentarily? Some claim otherwise or that ejaculate actually enters the bladder rather than exiting from it. Even if fluid does collect in the bladder during sexual arousal would it normally be expelled during orgasm? Are all women the same or are there "normal variations?" Dr. Schubach's research is important but provides only part of the answer.

The following series of images show how much the bladder, the bright white area in the lower right, increased in size during sexual arousal. Do they provide evidence to indicate the origin of female ejaculate in some instances? I know from personal experience that when my kidneys produce increased volumes of fluid it is clear and odorless when released from my bladder. Does sexual arousal in some women result in increased kidney output? These images were taken during research into the use of MRI to observe female sexual arousal and were not intended to provide evidence of the origins of female ejaculate.

The amount of fluid released during ejaculation is reported to vary from a couple drops to almost two cups, 15 ounces [444 ml]. Two cups is a lot of liquid, can it really be that much? The average size of the area occupied by the urethra and paraurethral glands is 1.3 inches long 0.75 inches wide 0.4 inches in height (3.3 x 1.9 x 1 cm). An elliptical container about this size, when filled with water, holds 0.17 oz [5 ml] or 1 teaspoon. A cylindrical shape 0.75 inches across would hold 0.32 oz or 2 teaspoons. If the female paraurethral glands can contain less than 0.4 oz where does the other 14.6 ounces come from? One study found women produced 30 to 50 ml [1 to 1.7 oz] [6 to 10 teaspoons] in 30 to 50 seconds. Okay, but 2 ounces is still a far cry from 15 ounces. Some believe the paraurethral glands swells with fluid during sexual arousal, which would account for the greater volume of fluid. The paraurethral glands would need to increase in size by a factor of at least 9, if this is to be true. Interestingly enough the female bladder can hold about 16 ounces of fluid, and this is surprising close to the maximum amount of ejaculate reported.

Keep in mind the paraurethral glands will continue to produce fluid for as long as a woman is sexually aroused, and as result a woman could produce more than 0.2 to 2.0 oz of ejaculate, if multiple releases of fluid occurs. If the paraurethral glands fills and empty at a rapid rate that would explain the larger volumes of fluid measured by some investigators. It would also mean the longer a woman's orgasm lasted, the more she would ejaculate, as is often the case. If this is all true it is possible for a woman to ejaculate a considerable amount of fluid without it being liquid from the bladder. Obviously more research needs to be done to clarify this; perhaps using transvaginal ultrasound to observe the prostate during sexual arousal and orgasm.

There are two possible reasons why women may release fluid through their urethra during their sexual activities. The first is female ejaculation, the second urinary incontinence. How does a woman know which she is experiencing?

"It has also been questioned that women could sometimes erroneously correlate their coital incontinence to specific moments of intercourse for the not complete [incomplete] awareness of female ejaculation. However, only a negligible proportion of women has doubts about this; therefore, female ejaculation does not seem to play an important role in this issue. In a recent study, Cartwright et al. reported that women referring female ejaculation with no subjective doubts of coital or other forms of urinary incontinence have to be considered as reliable, and that in this case, further investigation is not required." Source

From this quote we might conclude a woman knows best. Generally speaking, women know instinctively whether they are experiencing female ejaculation or urinary incontinence. If a woman suspects she is experiencing urinary incontinence then the only way to know for sure is to seek out a medical diagnosis, and if desired, medical treatment. If a woman knows she is experiencing female ejaculation then no further action is required, especially given in the absence of medically diagnosed urinary incontinence there is no "cure" for it.

A woman shares her experience and frustration with releasing urine at orgasm:

"First, I would like to thank you for your website. I found it through a question forum and it's an extremely informative, open, and beautiful site. The issues I'm finally addressing make me feel vulnerable and insecure--your website made me feel safe. As much as I love the site, however, it does fail to give a satisfactory explanation for the concern that I (and apparently many women) have. In fact, the internet is FULL of women asking about this same problem, and yet there are NO answers. I am referring to involuntary urination upon orgasm when achieved through clitoral stimulation. All you have to do is Google "pee" (or any synonym) and "orgasm" and you'll find countless women with the same question, "Am I peeing when I orgasm? Why?" The problem is that this (I guess I'll say) phenomenon is immediately dismissed as "female ejaculation." No matter how adamantly the woman insists she is urinating, NOT ejaculating, the only people who hear her are other women who say, "I have the same problem."   Your site is the only source I found that even came close to an alternate explanation by your mention of urinary incontinence. I followed the link you provided, however, and it doesn't seem to be an answer. While I cannot control my urinating upon clitoral orgasm, I do not have any other incontinence issues--and never have. I have decided to be brave and talk to my doctor about this, but I am writing to you because I think that other women with the same problem as me are also probably finding themselves at your site in search for an answer and I want to encourage you to address the issue more thoroughly. While your advice to lay down a towel and enjoy myself is said with good intentions, it is very dismissive of a horribly humiliating experience. In five years of marriage, I have never once been able to share the wonderful bonding experience of achieving orgasm with my husband. I have tried, but I can't get over the psychological hurdle of knowing that if I let go and allow myself to feel that pleasure, it will come at the cost of peeing all over both of us. Unless urine is a personal fetish, peeing does not make a woman feel sexy--involuntary peeing in the middle of an intimate moment makes a woman feel repulsive. I hope you are able to research this issue and find better answers than I did. Thank you for your time."

There is some debate as to whether the release of fluid through the urethra during sex even constitutes a possible medical condition, or is simply normal female sexual function. Given that 43 percent of women report they have experienced female ejaculation while masturbating, and 46 percent have not, the odds are that it can't be a totally abnormal experience. Indeed, medical research has thus far ruled out disease in some cases of female ejaculation.

If you are looking for information on diagnosing female urinary incontinence, which occurs during your sexual activities, the medical source quoted above may provide a good starting point; medical terminology is utilized in the report. Based on my layman's perception of the medical community's understanding of female urology and sexual anatomy, surgical treatments should not be taken lightly. If you experience urinary incontinence only during your sexual experiences, perhaps the best solution is to grab a towel and go with the flow, literally; please don't take this for medical advice, it is only my personal opinion.

A G-Spot is a small area of increased sensitivity that is located between the urethra and vaginal wall, somewhere along the the urethra. More commonly it is located a short distance inside the vagina, but may be located anywhere along the length of the urethra. The sensitivity of the G-Spot may not be constant. If a woman isn't sexually aroused she may not have a G-Spot. If the same woman is highly aroused and her paraurethral and prostate glands are engorged with fluid she may have a very distinct G-Spot. There are perhaps women who are not aware of a G-Spot even though they ejaculate and experience a more intense orgasm when their urethra and paraurethral glands are stimulated; perhaps as a result of triggering a urethal-to-bladder reflex. It is for these reasons that it is important for the reader not to form a concrete definition of what a G-Spot is. Each woman will create her own, one valid only for her. While some women share a common experience, there is no single experience that applies to them all.

A question for debate concerns whether or not "all" women have a G-Spot. While all women likely have paraurethral glands, and some have active prostate glands, my surveys indicate 54% of women have a 'distinct' G-Spot with an additional 16% have one that is 'barely noticeable.' This means 30% of women (1 out of 3) don't have one, or haven't yet located it. Some women may not want to have a G-Spot, especially if its stimulation may result in the release of fluid, especially from their urethra. Personal and social expectations influences a woman's perceptions and expectations of her body and sexuality.

How does one locate the G-Spot? Quite simply, you locate the urethra, as the paraurethral glands are located within the wall of the urethra. The urethral meatus, or orifice, is located directly above the vaginal orifice, below the clitoris, and between the inner labia. You can visually see it, though it can be hard to locate in some women. The urethra extends back from the urethral meatus into the body, along the front or upper wall of the vagina, for 1.5 to 2 inches [3.8 to 5 cm]. While you can see the urethral orifice you cannot always see the paraurethral glands, though they may bulge visibly into the vestibule and/or vagina. Using a speculum you might be able to see the swollen paraurethral glands projecting into the vagina. The DVD How to Female Ejaculate, and others, shows this projection. Adventures individuals may want to slip a finger or two into their own, or their partner's, vagina while they urinate, so they can feel urine passing through the urethra. This will help you locate its exact position. Once you have located the urethra you have a basis for seeking out a possible area along it that is sensitive to stimulation, a G-Spot.

In her book Female Ejaculation & The G-Spot, Deborah Sundahl presents information about the anatomy and location of the "female prostate gland" gathered by Dr. Zaviacic, and published in 1999. He found 70% of women have a ramp-shaped paraurethral glands where the thickest part is situated near the urethral opening, 15% have a ramp-shaped prostate where the thickest part is located near the bladder, 7% have a prostate gland that is thickest near the middle of the urethra, and 8% of women have a "rudimentary prostate" that has few ducts and glands. This means one must explore the full length of the urethra, 1.5-2 inches (3.8-5 cm) along the upper wall of the vagina, when attempting to locate the G-Spot. This research also indicates more than 90% of women have well defined paraurethral glands, even if they cannot locate a G-Spot or do not ejaculate.

The clitoris may hold the key to female ejaculation for many women. If the clitoris is not stimulated a woman is less likely to become sexually aroused. If she is not aroused her paraurethral glands may not fill with increased amounts of fluid. If her paraurethral glands are not swollen she may not have a G-Spot. If her clitoris is not stimulated she is less likely to experience orgasm and the rhythmic contractions of the pelvic muscles that expel and release ejaculate. This means that before you go exploring the G-Spot you should master clitoral stimulation. There are women who are orgasmic and ejaculate when only their G-Spot or vagina is stimulated, but the majority require indirect or direct clitoral stimulation if they are to experience orgasm.

Now that you know the location of the G-Spot you will want to know how to stimulate it. The most versatile tools to use are your fingers. They are firm yet flexible, and have feeling that provides feedback. Though for solo explorers fingers have their limitations, as they may not have sufficient length, and can tire relatively quickly. Plus, if one hand is stimulating your clitoris this may limit access to your vagina. This means that in addition to fingers, dildos and/or vibrators are often required for finding and stimulating the G-Spot. (I will refer to both vibrators and dildos as dildos for the sake of convenience) Deborah Sundahl recommends against using a vibrator for G-Spot stimulation, believing they may numb the area. Note: I used the plural 'dildos' not the singular 'dildo',  as there is a chance you may have to try several different dildos to find the best one for you.

How do you choose a dildo for G-Spot stimulation? Trial and error. The dildos that have a good success rate are those that are curved near the tip, called G-Spot stimulators, dildos with a ball shaped end, and penis shaped dildos with a prominent ridge at the junction of the glans and shaft. Many women find hard plastic or Pyrex (glass) dildos work best. Some prefer a slim dildo they direct at a specific area within their vagina, and others prefer their vagina be filled and stretched to the maximum by a large dildo. Many teens and women discover makeshift dildos work great; such things as cucumbers, and brush and mirror handles. If you are going to purchase a dildo to use for G-Spot stimulation be prepared to buy and experiment with a couple different styles. Women who are considering using a dildo need to be aware they will most likely have a collection of favorites versus a single dildo that fulfills all their needs. As a woman's mood and needs change so will the requirements of her dildo. While women often start out with one, many soon find they have a drawer full of them, with some prizing their collection.

Since the physical act of urination is similar in some ways to female ejaculation, some women have found erotic enjoyment in urinating during sex, solo and with a partner. (Some women indicate a full or overly full bladder enhances their sexual experiences.) Women seeking to learn how to ejaculate may find themselves squirting liquid from their bladder rather than ejaculating fluid from their paraurethral glands. This is because urination and ejaculation require a woman to surrender control over and relax their pelvic muscles, some of which control urination. If you clamp down and tighten your pelvic muscles when you are on the verge of orgasm, in fear urinating, you cannot ejaculate******. Women seeking to ejaculate are advised to push out when the urge to ejaculate comes over them, at the moment of orgasm. Doing this gives your body permission to ejaculate, but also gives your body permission to release fluid from your bladder. You have no control over which occurs. The sensations of both may be pleasant and indistinguishable. Hence learning to release liquid from your bladder at the point of orgasm may help a woman learn to ejaculate, and surrender more fully to her orgasms.

Learning to release liquid from your bladder at the point of orgasm is likely easier when you are alone than when a partner is present. You may find it easier to relax, and you wont be as concerned about the resulting wetness. Doing this in a bathtub has some advantages. First you do not have to worry about the wetness, second soaking in warm water will help relax you, and third cleanup is a snap. Drink a couple glasses of water a short while before beginning, then allow time for your bladder to fill. It does not need to feel full, but you do not want it to be empty either. Lie back in the tub, or lay down on several towels placed on your bed. Begin to masturbate as you normally would. Perhaps this entails caressing your clitoris. Slipping your fingers or a dildo into your vagina may feel pleasurable. You don't necessarily need to move your fingers or the dildo back and forth, they need only provide a feeling of pressure inside your vagina. Allow the slow sexual buildup to occur prior to orgasm. You may want to practice tightening and relaxing your pelvic muscles, commonly called Kegel exercises.

Think about the act of urinating, of letting go. Allowing your bladder to fill will result in you feeling the need to urinate. The closer you are to the point of orgasm the stronger the urge to empty your bladder is likely to become. Hold back on your orgasm until you feel you cannot hold the contents of your bladder a second longer. At the point of orgasm press out, and relax your pelvic muscles, welcoming the feeling of the liquid escaping your bladder. The stronger the force behind the liquid, the greater the sensations are likely to be. Push out and try to squirt the contents of your bladder across the space before you. It takes practice to be able to let go spontaneously, since you have been conditioned to maintain strict control over your urinary habits. It may help to vocalize the release, by making some noise. Intentionally crying out will help with the release. Scream "YES."

Moving on to ejaculation only requires a couple slight changes in technique. Empty your bladder first; you will want to let go without a full bladder producing the pressure or urge. The urge should still develop, just not be the result of a full bladder. The urge to ejaculate may not occur without there being stimulation of your paraurethral glands and urethra. This is likely to require the use of a dildo if you are alone. As you massage your clitoris, or another erogenous zone, using your fingers or a dildo stimulate your urethra and paraurethral glands by massaging the top of your vagina; using only light pressure in the beginning. Massage the full length of your urethra, from the opening of your vagina back into your vagina a couple inches (5 cm). Continue the clitoral stimulation. Explore different pressures and strokes. Massaging the urethral meatus, the U Spot, may feel pleasurable. Stimulating your urethra may cause you to feel the need to release liquid from your bladder and this is desired. Do not fight the urge, go with the flow, literally. Relax and breathe deeply.

If you find a spot that is highly sensitive you may want to concentrate solely on it, or you may find it is too sensitive to stimulate directly. If your G-Spot is highly sensitive you may find you are only able to tolerate its stimulation when you are very close to orgasm, when your pain threshold has increased. Keep massaging your clitoris and urethra until orgasm occurs. A slow build up with lots of teasing may help produce the greatest urge and strongest orgasm. When you experience an orgasm, relax your pelvic muscles and press out, as if urinating. If you ejaculate you may feel a new and strong sensation. You may not be aware of increased wetness until after the orgasm has subsided. Being able to ejaculate may take practice, even if you are able to voluntarily squirt liquid from your bladder during orgasm. It is not known whether all women can ejaculate so you just have to experiment. In any event it should be a pleasurable experience.

If a woman knows she is capable of ejaculating she should let her partner know in advance. She should discuss the increased wetness that occurs; at least prepare their partner for it. Hopefully your partner will see your ejaculations as desirable and erotic. If they do not, educating them about female fluids and ejaculation may persuade them to at least accept the ejaculations as normal, even if they are not a fan of the associated wetness.

There is perhaps one big advantage to having a partner stimulate you to orgasm when you are trying to ejaculate, which is they will not stop the stimulation unless you tell them too. If you are masturbating and you start to feel uncomfortable, out of control, you will likely stop immediately. This could prevent you from experiencing orgasm and ejaculation. With a partner you can agree beforehand that they will not stop, even if you say, "stop." (Doing this requires using a "safe word" that indicates, "Stop!" for real. This is a word you are not likely to say accidentally during sex, without thinking about it.) If you find you pull away you can ask that they hold or follow you so you cannot move away from the stimulation. Of course you should only do these things if you truly trust your partner, as they need to be forceful without going too far.

How do you stimulate your partner's paraurethral glands, and if present, prostate glands? Your hands are excellent tools to use. The best way to stimulate the inside of their vagina, along the upper wall, is to create a hook with your index finger. Imagine you want to signal to someone standing across the room that you want them to come toward you. You turn your hand palm up and signal with your index finger by making a hook, curling it up and straightening it repeatedly. You can do the same thing with two fingers inside the vagina. Gently massag the upper wall of the vagina, from the opening back inside a couple inches. Start out with a very light touch. Press your fingers up and toward the front, pointing toward their pubic bone, or clitoris. Use the urethral opening as a guide. Use a generous amount of lubrication, even if she is dripping wet.

Start out by getting her aroused with manual and/or oral clitoral stimulation. Continue the clitoral stimulation as you massage her paraurethral glands. Ask your partner if there is a specific spot or area that produces intense or enjoyable sensations, when you massage it, her G-Spot. As you sense her getting closer to orgasm apply a firmer touch, if she indicates she enjoys a firmer touch. Maintain a constant and steady rhythm. Follow through, continue the massage up through her orgasm. Then switch to a very light caressing touch as she comes down from her orgasm. If she experiences multiple orgasms, her orgasms and ejaculations may become more intense, and the amount of ejaculation may increase. If she orgasms with your fingers inside her vagina her vaginal muscles may squeeze them very tightly, do not pull out but rather press in gently.

You can also stimulate your partner to ejaculation using a dildo. This requires more verbal communication, as you cannot feel exactly what the dildo is doing. She needs to let you know what feels good, or bad. Some women may like for the tip of the dildo to be pointed at their urethra, others may prefer a full feeling associated with a large dildo. The stretching and pressure created by large dildos, or an entire hand, may stimulate the paraurethral glands sufficiently to cause an ejaculation, even if that is not the intent.

A woman may also ejaculate during intercourse, with a penis or a dildo in a harness. What seems to work the best are sexual positions that result in the penis or dildo stimulating the front or upper wall of the vagina. Like when a woman's partner kneels between her knees when she is on her hands and knees, or when she is on top controlling the direction and force of the thrusting. A couple women have said they ejaculate during anal intercourse, even if they don't during vaginal intercourse, because of the angle of their partner's penis as it enters and stimulated their body. Some women may ejaculate during intercourse without even trying, while others may find it a challenge. It is more likely if she already ejaculates frequently during manual massage. Practice makes perfect.

Prostate Massage - For Men and Women

Men have a prostate gland and women paraurethral glands, both can be stimulated through manual massage, using fingers and other devices. The male prostate is a walnut sized organ located at the base of the bladder whereas the female paraurethral glands are a collection of ducts and glands that surround their urethra. The male prostate is primarily accessible through the anus, but the female paraurethral glands are accessible through the anus, vagina, and in some cases the vestibule.

Prostate massage is basically the same for men and women. Prostate massage may result in the spontaneous release of fluid from the male and female prostate. A medical article mentions that in addition to the spontaneous release of fluid, "palpation" results in the release of fluid from the prostate of some women, meaning orgasm isn't required to produce this result. The resources linked to below describe prostate massage for men, but the principles described work equally well for women. Perhaps if men are used as a example, the female paraurethral glands and their stimulation will be more intuitive, as the existence of the male prostate isn't questioned, and a more concrete concept for us all.

Couples may want to explore both male and female "prostate massage", as then each can relate to some of the sensations experienced by the other, and perhaps as a result, learn better technique; what is appropriate and what isn't. The article about Anal Sex will assist couples choosing to do this.

Video Clip:

Jaiya: Prostate Massage

Articles:

Sacred Spot Massage
Wikipedia: Prostate Massage
Prostatitis Prostate Massage or Drainage
Step By Step Directions for Milking the Prostate

Some authors, linked to below, describe using prostate massage to empty the male prostate of its stored fluids without orgasm occurring. In some examples of power exchange, men are not permitted the pleasures of orgasm, and it is believed that if the fluid stored in the prostate isn't emptied on a regular basis, nocturnal emissions (wet dreams) and spontaneous ejaculations are more likely; it may simply play into the idea of being totally controlled by another person. Given that the prostate gland in men and paraurethral glands in women are supplied by different nerves than the penis, clitoris, and outer third of the vagina, this implies women too may release the contents of their prostate during prostate massage without orgasm occurring, but this doesn't necessarily mean pleasure is totally absent. Clitoral and paraurethral gland focused stimulation may each result in a unique sexual experience. It also means women may want to explore their paraurethral glands or G-Spot with a desire to experience something other than orgasm, perhaps female ejaculation, or other forms of pleasure; cervical stimulation is another non-clitoral possibility.

This will likely require an investment of time, but should nevertheless be a relaxing and pleasurable experience. Deborah Sundahl, author of Female Ejaculation & the G-Spot, mentions in her book and videos that learning to ejaculate could take up to a year, as it may take repetition for the mind-body connection to form. It is a learning process for the mind and body rather than being a reflex response, though some postulate it is a reflex response at birth that is unlearned or blocked during childhood.

Prostate Milking (Adult Websites):

Prostate Milking
Chastity UK's information: Prostate Information and Milking
Chastitylifestyle.com: Prostate Massage - Milking

Unfortunately, there can be some possible negative side effects associated with massaging the urethra. The urethra is highly sensitive and is easily irritated. Even regular intercourse can irritate a woman's urethra resulting in painful urination and infection. Intentionally stimulating the urethra increases the chances of there being irritation and infection. To help prevent infections and reduce the chances of irritation a woman should drink lots of water and urinate just before and right after urethral stimulation, or sex in general if you are prone to urinary tract infections. Simply release a little bit of liquid from your bladder before sex if you are trying things with a full bladder. They also recommend women drink cranberry juice, or take a cranberry supplement (available at health food stores), as its acidic level helps to ward off the bacteria that cause infections. If you experience irritation, painful urination, or infection, try using less pressure when massaging or stimulating the urethra. The urethra may become accustomed to the stimulation with time, but do not torture yourself or inflict multiple infections. Have fun but do not hurt yourself.

If you ejaculate there may be a small amount of liquid expelled or there could be a lot. If you are intentionally squirting liquid from your bladder or ejaculate repeatedly there may be a liquid everywhere. Since we usually sleep where we have sex female ejaculation can present a logistical challenge. If you only ejaculate a small amount simply keeping a couple towels near the bed may be the solution. If you gush then towels may not be enough. Having a plastic cover on the mattress and extra sheets may do the trick, though changing the sheets and cleaning up afterwards may not be the way you want to relax after sex. You can also buy the disposable bed pads hospitals use, as they are absorbent and have a plastic backing. They are sometimes sold with incontinence supplies at your local store. You can try having sex in the tub or shower, or having a second bed or an air mattress to have sex on. For women who ejaculate every time, regardless of whether they want too, cleanup can be bothersome at times, and does take some getting use too. Just try to keep a positive attitude and be prepared with extra towels and sheets. A supportive partner always helps.

I hate to be the barer of bad news but chances are the women seen ejaculating in mainstream adult movies are likely releasing liquid from their bladder rather than ejaculating. They fake their ejaculations just as they fake their orgasms. They are intentionally squirting liquid from their bladder to simulate orgasm and true female ejaculation, or rapidly expelling liquid they place inside their vagina. The proof of this is the shear volume and/or the white color of the liquid they expel. Enjoy mainstream ejaculation videos but keep in the back of your mind, it is all fantasy.

Information Sources

One major source for the information presented above is the article The Female Prostate: History, Functional Morphology and Sexology Implications by Zaviacic M., Zaviacic T. Ablin R.J., Breza J., Holoman K. The full article, in PDF format, can be found here. The article is presented in English beginning on page 7.

The medical articles mentioned below provided additional information for the article. At the time of the latest update to the article, I no longer had access to many of the references used in the creation of the original article, and subsequent amendments over the course of the past 15 years, which unfortunately prevents me from citing all sources.

 

Additional Online Articles About Female Ejaculation and the G-Spot

In New Scientist magazine:

28 May 2009
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Female Ejaculation But Where Afraid to Ask

20 February 2008
Ultrasound nails location of the elusive G spot

 

Female Ejaculation in 18th Century Erotica

E-mail from site visitor:

Hello,

First of all, I would like to say that this is a great site, full of very useful information.

But the main point of this message is about female ejaculation. It seems like it is something "new", and doctors, etc. are still trying to decide whether it exists or not.

The thing is that I have been reading Marquis de Sade's "Philosophy in the bedroom" and it seems that in the 18th century they new certainly that women ejaculate.

Here are some excerpts of the third dialog in that play:

"DOLMANCE: Well then, Eugénie, you observe that after a more or less prolonged pollution, the seminal glands swell, enlarge, and finally exhale a liquid whose release hurls the woman into the most intense rapture. This is known as discharging. When it pleases your good friend here, I'll show you, but in a more energetic and more imperious manner, how the same operation occurs in a man."

[...]

"EUGENIE: I am dead, exhausted! but I beg you to explain two words you pronounced and which I do not understand. First of all, what does womb signify?

MADAME DE SAINT-ANGE: 'Tis a kind of vessel much resembling a bottle whose neck embraces the male's member, and which receives the fuck produced in the woman by glandular seepage and in the man by the ejaculation we will exhibit for you; and of the commingling of these liquors is born the germ whereof result now boys, now girls.

EUGENIE: Oh, I see; this definition simultaneously explains the word fuck whose meaning I did not thoroughly grasp until now. And is the union of the seeds necessary to the formation of the fetus?

MADAME DE SAINT-ANGE: Assuredly; although it is proven that the fetus owes its existence only to the man's sperm, this latter, by itself, unmixed with the woman's, would come to naught. But that which we women furnish has a merely elaborative function; it does not create, it furthers creation without being its cause. Indeed, there are several contemporary naturalists who claim it is useless; whence the moralists, always guided by science's discoveries, have decided - and the conclusion has a degree of plausibility - that, such being the case, the child born of the father's blood owes filial tenderness to him alone, an assertion not without its appealing qualities and one which, even though a woman, I should not be inclined to contest."

[...]

"MADAME DE SAINT-ANGE, swooning: [...] How I love to play the whore when my sperm flows this way![...]"

Extracted from: http://www.sin.org/tales/Marquis_de_Sade--Philosophy_in_the_Bedroom.pdf

Well, it looks pretty obvious that in the 18th century they knew that women ejaculate, although they didn't know very well how babies are made.

Anyway, I hope you keep adding great content to this great site. Thank you

Best regards
Paul

Medical Article Abstracts Addressing Female Ejaculation the G-Spot

Webmaster's Note: This gentleman more than likely DID NOT discover the G-Spot. What he discovered may have been a diverticulum (includes illustration).

Article Title: G-Spot Anatomy: A New Discovery

Published: May 2012

Introduction. The anatomic existence of the G-spot has not been documented yet.

Aim. To identify the anatomic structure of the G-spot.

Methods. A stratum-by-stratum vaginal wall dissection on a fresh cadaver.

Main Outcome Measure. Primary outcome is the identification of the G-spot and the secondary outcome is its measurements and anatomic description of the G-spot.

Results. The G-spot has a distinguishable anatomic structure that is located on the dorsal perineal membrane, 16.5 mm from the upper part of the urethral meatus, and creates a 35° angle with the lateral border of the urethra. The lower pole (tail) and the upper pole (head) were located 3 and 15 mm next to the lateral border of the urethra, respectively. Grossly, the G-spot appeared as a well-delineated sac with walls that resembled fibroconnective tissues and resembled erectile tissues. The superior surface of the sac had bluish irregularities visible through the coat. Upon opening the sac's upper coat, blue grape-like anatomic compositions of the G-spot emerged with dimensions of length (L) of 8.1 mm × width (W) of 3.6–1.5 mm × height (H) of 0.4 mm. The G-spot structure had three distinct areas: the proximal part (the head) L 3.4 mm × W 3.6 mm, the middle part L 3.1 mm × W 3.3 mm, and the distal part (tail) L 3.3 mm × W 3.0 mm. From the distal tail, a rope-like structure emerged, which was seen for approximately 1.6 mm and then disappeared into the surrounding tissue.

Conclusions. The anatomic existence of the G-spot was documented with potential impact on the practice and clinical research in the field of female sexual function.

Ostrzenski A. G-spot anatomy: A new discovery. J Sex Med

Article Title: Is the Female G-Spot Truly a Distinct Anatomic Entity?

Published online: 12 January 2012

Introduction. The existence of an anatomically distinct female G-spot is controversial. Reports in the public media would lead one to believe the G-spot is a well-characterized entity capable of providing extreme sexual stimulation, yet this is far from the truth.

Aim. The aim of this article was to provide an overview of the evidence both supporting and refuting the existence of an anatomically distinct female G-spot.

Methods. PubMed search for articles published between 1950 and 2011 using key words “G-spot,”“Grafenberg spot,”“vaginal innervation,”“female orgasm,”“female erogenous zone,” and “female ejaculation.” Clinical trials, meeting abstracts, case reports, and review articles that were written in English and published in a peer-reviewed journal were selected for analysis.

Main Outcome Measure. The main outcome measure of this article was to assess any valid objective data in the literature that scientifically evaluates the existence of an anatomically distinct G-spot.

Results. The literature cites dozens of trials that have attempted to confirm the existence of a G-spot using surveys, pathologic specimens, various imaging modalities, and biochemical markers. The surveys found that a majority of women believe a G-spot actually exists, although not all of the women who believed in it were able to locate it. Attempts to characterize vaginal innervation have shown some differences in nerve distribution across the vagina, although the findings have not proven to be universally reproducible. Furthermore, radiographic studies have been unable to demonstrate a unique entity, other than the clitoris, whose direct stimulation leads to vaginal orgasm.

Conclusions. Objective measures have failed to provide strong and consistent evidence for the existence of an anatomical site that could be related to the famed G-spot. However, reliable reports and anecdotal testimonials of the existence of a highly sensitive area in the distal anterior vaginal wall raise the question of whether enough investigative modalities have been implemented in the search of the G-spot.

Kilchevsky A, Vardi Y, Lowenstein L, and Gruenwald I. Is the female G-spot truly a distinct anatomic entity? J Sex Med

Article Title: New Insights from One Case of Female Ejaculation

Volume 8, Issue 12, pages 3500–3504, December 2011

Introduction. Although there are historical records showing its existence for over 2,000 years, the so-called female ejaculation is still a controversial phenomenon. A shared paradigm has been created that includes any fluid expulsion during sexual activities with the name of "female ejaculation."

Aim. To demonstrate that the "real" female ejaculation and the "squirting or gushing" are two different phenomena.

Methods. Biochemical studies on female fluids expelled during orgasm.

Results. In this case report, we provided new biochemical evidences demonstrating that the clear and abundant fluid that is ejected in gushes (squirting) is different from the real female ejaculation. While the first has the features of diluted urines (density: 1,001.67 ± 2.89; urea: 417.0 ± 42.88 mg/dL; creatinine: 21.37 ± 4.16 mg/dL; uric acid: 10.37 ± 1.48 mg/dL), the second is biochemically comparable to some components of male semen (prostate-specific antigen: 3.99 ± 0.60 × 103 ng/mL).

Conclusions. Female ejaculation and squirting/gushing are two different phenomena. The organs and the mechanisms that produce them are bona fide different. The real female ejaculation is the release of a very scanty, thick, and whitish fluid from the female prostate, while the squirting is the expulsion of a diluted fluid from the urinary bladder.

Rubio-Casillas A and Jannini EA. New insights from one case of female ejaculation. J Sex Med

Article Title: The Human Female Prostate-Immunohistochemical Study with Prostate-Specific Antigen, Prostate-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase, and Androgen Receptor and 3-D Remodeling

Originally Published: August 2011, online

Introduction. The constitution of glands surrounding the human female urethra has been under debate; especially regarding as to what extent they equal the male prostate. Defining their composition may help to understand the development of neoplasms [new abnormal tissue] arising from this tissue.

Aim. The aim of this study was to define the existence, structure, and arrangement of a possible human female prostate.

Methods. Urethras of 25 women ["(age 60–75 years)"] were investigated by immunohistochemistry and stained with specific monoclonal antibodies against prostate-specific antigen (PSA, mono- and polyclonal antibody), prostate specific alkaline phosphatase (PSAP), and androgen receptor (AR). From two urethras [women ages 18 and 21], which underwent a totally serial work up with PSA-staining, a three-dimensional model of the urethra and the prostatic glands was created to enable 3D-perception of the results.

Main Outcome Measure. The main outcome measures used in this study were identifying glandular structures in hematoxylin-eosin-staining, positive staining with the respective antibodies, and 3-D orientation of described glands.

Results. Fourteen of 25 patients had glandular structures encircling the urethra. Twelve of 14 showed positive staining for PSA, PSAP, and AR in gland acini, while the excretory ducts, the urethra, and the surrounding stroma did not express those proteins. ["The other 11 specimens showed only gland-like structures"] The strongest PSA and PSAP expression was found in apical cytoplasm of the glandular cells, and AR was confined to cell nuclei. Prostatic glands were located laterally [to the side] to the distal [outer] half of the urethra. ["One of both urethras, which underwent a total serial immunohistochemical work-up, showed developed secretory glandular structures."

Conclusions. A female prostate was found in every second woman in this study and can be discriminated from other urethral caverns and immature paraurethral ducts. Possible neoplasms of this source tissue expressing the prostate-specific markers may therefore be denominated as female prostate tumors.

From Full Length Article: "The female urethral expulsions, that have been described as female ejaculation during orgasm, may now be seen as the fluid volume normally taken up the main urethral channel, as well as the (possibly spacious) PSA negative urethral caverns and ducts, as well as the developed prostatic glands, all of them located inside the muscular urethral wall, that gets expelled by smooth muscular contractions. So, this volume is only in minor extent a prostatic secret. Hence, urethral caverns can be found around all female urethras, but only about 50% of women have developed prostatic glands, if those expulsions may be possible to be achieved in women, PSA detection therein may succeed only in a part ."

Dietrich W, Susani M, Stifter L, and Haitel A. The human female prostate—immunohistochemical study with prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific alkaline phosphatase, and androgen receptor and 3-D remodeling. J Sex Med August 2011, online

Article Title: The History of Female Ejaculation

Originally Published: 2010

Introduction. The existence of female ejaculation and the female prostate is controversial; however, most scientists are not aware that historians of medicine and psychology described the phenomenon of female ejaculation approximately 2,000 years ago.

Aim. To review historical literature in which female ejaculation is described.

Methods. A comprehensive systematic literature review.

Main Outcome Measure. Emission of fluid at the acme of orgasm and/or sexual pleasure in females was considered as a description of female ejaculation and therefore all documents referring to this phenomenon are included.

Results. Physicians, anatomists, and psychologists in both eastern and western culture have described intellectual concepts of female ejaculation during orgasm. In ancient Asia female ejaculation was very well known and mentioned in several Chinese Taoist texts starting in the 4th century. The ancient Chinese concept of female ejaculation as independent of reproduction was supported by ancient Indian writings. First mentioned in a 7th century poem, female ejaculation and the Gräfenberg spot (G-spot) are described in detail in most works of the Kāmaśāstra. In ancient Western writings the emission of female fluid is mentioned even earlier, depicted about 300 B.C. by Aristotle and in the 2nd century by Galen. Reinjier De Graaf in the 16th century provided the first scientific description of female ejaculation and was the first to refer to the periurethral glands as the female prostate. This concept was held by other scientists during the following centuries through 1952 A.D. when Ernst Gräfenberg reported on "The role of the urethra in female orgasm. Current research provides insight into the anatomy of the female prostate and describes female ejaculation as one of its functions.

Conclusions. Credible evidence exists among different cultures that the female prostate and female ejaculation have been discovered, described and then forgotten over the last 2,000 years.

Korda JB, Goldstein SW, and Sommer F. The history of female ejaculation. J Sex Med 2010;7:1965–1975

Article Title: Genetic and Environmental Influences on self-reported G-Spots in Women: A Twin Study

Originally Published: 2010

Webmaster's Note: I believe just about everyone has found fault with the following study, and their conclusion, in part because they ignore the existence of glands surrounding the female urethra, which has been documented by the medical community.

Introduction. There is an ongoing debate around the existence of the G-spot—an allegedly highly sensitive area on the anterior wall of the human vagina. The existence of the G-spot seems to be widely accepted among women, despite the failure of numerous behavioral, anatomical, and biochemical studies to prove its existence. Heritability has been demonstrated in all other genuine anatomical traits studied so far.

Aim. To investigate whether the self-reported G-spot has an underlying genetic basis.

Methods. 1804 unselected female twins aged 22–83 completed a questionnaire that included questions about female sexuality and asked about the presence or absence of a G-spot. The relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to variation in the reported existence of a G-spot was assessed using a variance components model fitting approach.

Main Outcome Measures. Genetic variance component analysis of self-reported G-spot.

Results. We found 56% of women reported having a G-spot. The prevalence decreased with age. Variance component analyses revealed that variation in G-spot reported frequency is almost entirely a result of individual experiences and random measurement error (>89%) with no detectable genetic influence. Correlations with associated general sexual behavior, relationship satisfaction, and attitudes toward sexuality suggest that the self-reported G-spot is to be a secondary pseudo-phenomenon.

Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the largest study investigating the prevalence of the G-spot and the first one to explore an underlying genetic basis. A possible explanation for the lack of heritability may be that women differ in their ability to detect their own (true) G-spots. However, we postulate that the reason for the lack of genetic variation—in contrast to other anatomical and physiological traits studied—is that there is no physiological or physical basis for the G-spot.

Burri AV, Cherkas L, and Spector TD. Genetic and environmental influences on self-reported G-spots in women: A twin study. J Sex Med 2010;7:1842–1852

Related News Articles:

The G-spot 'doesn't appear to exist', say researchers 

Finding the G-spot: Is it real?

G-Spot Study: Erogenous or Erroneous Zone? Sex Educators Say Study Dismissing G-Spot Is Flawed, Didn't Account for Positions, Partners

Article Title: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Female Prostate Pathology

Originally Published: 2009

By: Florian Wimpissinger, MD, FEBU, Karl Stifter, PhD, Walter Stackl, MD *

Introduction. The female prostate (paraurethral glands) is a well-known, yet poorly understood, anatomic structure. Imaging studies of the female prostate, its physiology, and pathologies are still highly controversial.

Aim. To study the anatomy of the female prostate with contemporary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and correlate these findings to clinical features.

Main Outcome Measures. Female prostate pathologic anatomy on MRI.

Methods. Women with clinical signs of function (or dysfunction) of paraurethral glands have been examined with 1.5 or 3 Tesla MRI and urethroscopy.

Results. Seven women aged 17 to 62 years (median 40 years) have been prospectively included into the study. Clinically, one of the seven women reported ejaculation at orgasm, whereas three women presented with occasional secretions independent of sexual stimulation. In two women, paraurethral glands have been randomly found on MRI that has been performed in the diagnostic workup of other diseases. One woman presented with swelling of the external urethral meatus at puberty. In this woman, a paraurethral gland has been found, besides the erectile tissue at the external meatus. Two women reported lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with mainly urethral symptoms (recurrent infections in one and paraurethral stones in the other). On MRI, paraurethral glands could be visualized in six of the seven patients. There was no relation between glandular volume and ejaculation status. In cases where glands or related pathologies could be found on physical examination, there was a clear correlation with MRI anatomy.

Conclusions. MRI has the potential to become the standard imaging modality for female prostate pathology. Exact visualization of this highly variable structure is possible by tailored MRI protocols. This tool can aid in understanding an individual woman's symptoms related to paraurethral glands with an impact on her sexual life. J Sex Med 2009;6:1704–1711.

Article Title: The Female Prostate Revisited: Perineal Ultrasound and Biochemical Studies of Female Ejaculate

Originally Published: 2007

By: Florian Wimpissinger, MD, FEBU, Karl Stifter, PhD, Walter Stackl, MD *

Introduction. Many speculations have been made on the possible existence of a "female prostate gland" and "female ejaculation." Despite several reports on the subject, controversy still exists around the "female prostate" and whether such a gland might be the source of fluid emitted during orgasm (ejaculation).

Aim. To investigate the ultrasonographic, biochemical, and endoscopic features in two women who reported actual ejaculations during orgasm.

Main Outcome Measures. Perineal ultrasound studies, as well as biochemical characteristics of ejaculate and urethroscopy, have been performed in two women.

Methods. Two premenopausal women—44 and 45 years of age—who actually reported fluid expulsion (ejaculation) during orgasm have been investigated. Ultrasound imaging, biochemical studies of the ejaculated fluid, and endoscopy of the urethra have been used to identify a prostate in the female. Ejaculated fluid parameters have been compared to voided urine samples.

Results. On high-definition perineal ultrasound images, a structure was identified consistent with the gland tissue surrounding the entire length of the female urethra. On urethroscopy, one midline opening (duct) was seen just inside the external meatus in the six-o’clock position. Biochemically, the fluid emitted during orgasm showed all the parameters found in prostate plasma in contrast to the values measured in voided urine.

Conclusions. Data of the two women presented further underline the concept of the female prostate both as an organ itself and as the source of female ejaculation.

Wimpissinger F, Stifter K, Grin W, and Stackl W. The female prostate revisited: Perineal ultrasound and biochemical studies of female ejaculate. J Sex Med 2007;4:1388–1393.

Article Title: Do Women with Female Ejaculation Have Detrusor Overactivity?

Originally Published: 2007

By Rufus Cartwright, MA, MBBS, Susannah Elvy, BSc, and Linda Cardozo, MD, FRCOG

Introduction. Questionnaire surveys suggest that 40–54% of women have experienced an expulsion of fluid at orgasm. Some of these women have coital incontinence, whereas others identify the fluid passed as female ejaculate.

Aim. To assess whether women who have experienced female ejaculation have detrusor overactivity or the bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms associated with coital incontinence.

Methods. We recruited six women who self-identified as having experienced female ejaculation and six controls who had not. Each woman completed a 3-day bladder diary and two validated bladder questionnaires: the Urgency Perception Scale (UPS) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ). Each woman underwent short provocative ambulatory urodynamics, a modified form of urodynamics, with a high sensitivity for detrusor overactivity.

Main Outcome Measures. Prevalence of detrusor overactivity, 24-hour urinary frequency, IIQ and UPS scores.

Results. No woman in either group had detrusor overactivity. The bladder diaries and questionnaire results were within the normal range for all women.

Conclusion. Women who experience female ejaculation may have normal voiding patterns, no bothersome incontinence symptoms, and no demonstrable detrusor overactivity. Women who report female ejaculation, in the absence of other lower urinary tract symptoms, do not require further investigation, and may be reassured that it is an uncommon, but physiological, phenomenon.

Cartwright R, Elvy S, and Cardozo L. Do women with female ejaculation have detrusor overactivity? J Sex Med 2007;4:1655–1658.

Article Title: Evidence for the Presence of the Spinal Pattern Generator Involved in the Control of the Genital Ejaculatory Pattern in the Female Rat

Originally Published: 2006

Note: The research cited in the following medical article abstract found evidence to suggest women have similar nervous system components as those that play a roll in male ejaculation. When female rats were subjected to the same stimulation used to trigger ejaculation in male rats, a muscle surrounding the top portion of their urethra contracted. These muscular contractions may expel the contents of the female prostate, which also exists in female rats.

By M. Carro-Juáreza and G. Rodríguez-Manzob

Substantial progress has been made during recent years in elucidating the control of male ejaculatory function by the central nervous system. These efforts have revealed the participation of a central pattern generator in the control of ejaculation. There is a strong similarity in the neural organization of male and female sexual functions. In the present study, the hypothesis that the spinal generator for ejaculation was present and functional in the female rat was evaluated. To this purpose, the expression of the ejaculatory motor pattern and its pharmacological activation in spinally transected female rats were investigated. Results revealed the presence in females of the already described rhythmic ejaculatory motor pattern of male rats. This ejaculatory motor pattern could be registered in the urethralis muscle of the female rat after mechanical stimulation of the urethra, vagina and clitoris and consisted, as in the male rat, of a first ejaculatory motor train followed by an after-discharge component. Besides, the female genital ejaculatory motor pattern could be pharmacologically induced by the systemic injection of sodium nitroprusside with similar motor characteristics. No significant differences between the sensorial and pharmacologically induced female genital motor patterns were found. Present findings provide evidence for the presence of the genital motor pattern of ejaculation in female rats and suggest that the spinal generator for ejaculation is also present and functional in this gender.

Brain Research: Volume 1084, Issue 1, 21 April 2006, Pages 54-60

Related References:
- Belzer EG Jr. A review of female ejaculation and the Grafenberg spot. Women Health 1984;9:5–16.
- Wimpissinger F, Stifter K, Grin W, Stackl W. The female prostate revisited: Perineal ultrasound and biochemical studies of female ejaculate. J Sex Med 2007;4:1388–93; discussion
93.

Notes:

* The function and structure of the female genital and reproductive organs is greatly influenced by hormone levels, which vary significantly over the course of a woman's lifetime. This is in addition to structural differences that are genetically determined.
** We don't known the reproductive and hormonal status of these two women, which may have influenced their anatomy.
*** The word 'paraurethral' denotes objects that are beside or near the urethra. Paraurethral glands are any glands located in the area surrounding the urethra, some of which may be functional prostate glands.
**** "Moreover, those glandular structures may be encroached by the widely used mid-urethral slings, which are implanted to treat stress urinary incontinence and which are surpassing the urethra dorsal and lateral, exactly where the prostatic glands are located." Source.
***** In real life things aren't necessarily this straightforward, please read about intersexuality to learn more.
***** I observed a woman do this, contract her pelvic muscles and thus stopping her orgasm, when there was a small release of fluid. When I gave her permission to surrender control and ejaculate, she began to ejaculate freely, and experienced greater sexual pleasure. The increased pleasure may have resulted from surrendering control rather than ejaculating. I wasn't her primary sexual partner, and there is often less emotional risk with a stranger than with a husband or long term partner, which means she risked less by surrendering control with me than she would have with them. In this case, since her primary partner was also present, she was able to enjoy her increased sexual freedom and pleasure with them, then and during their later sexual activities alone.

 

Sexual Arousal & Orgasm - Subject Index